Oec. 1344a 35). The servus fidelis (faithful slave) was often rewarded with manumission, which also occurred at the death of a master. He then became libertus, “freedman,” but was often still related to the master, who was his patronus. The lazy, careless, or destructive slave, however, was often subject to severe punishment from his master. Wealthy Roman landlords often possessed thousands of slaves. (39) In the contemporary Greek world, the slave was doulos or doulē, and his or her condition was